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PDF Russian Aviation & Military Guide, 2024
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Russian Aviation & Military Guide ¹ 01(75) February, 2024
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Dubai Airshow 2023
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Dubai Airshow 2023
18th edition of Dubai Airshow was held on 13-17 November
2023 at Dubai World Central (DWC), Dubai Airshow Site. It is one of the largest
and most successful airshows in the world, connecting aerospace professionals
across all areas of the industry to facilitate successful global trade. The
event was held with the support of Dubai Airports, the Dubai Civil Aviation
Authority, the UAE Ministry of Defence and Dubai Aviation Engineering Projects,
and organised by Tarsus Middle East. The exhibition subject was arms and
military equipment of the Air Force, Air Defence, space equipment, civil
aviation and technologies in aircraft building. The organizer of the Russian
exposition of the military-purpose products was JSC ROSOBORONEXPORT (part of
Rostec State Corporation). At the exhibition the united Russian exposition were
represented by State Corporation Rostec, Rosoboronexport, Roscosmos, NASC, UAC,
Russian Helicopters, UEC, ‘Almaz-Antey’ Air and Space Defence Corporation, KRET.
«Russian Knights» aerobatics air group of the Aerospace Forces of the Russian
Federation, as well as Ka-52 combat reconnaissance attack helicopter also took
part in the demonstration flights program.
18th edition of Dubai Airshow became the largest ever
edition of Dubai Airshow, with a royal tour led by His Highness Sheikh Ahmed Bin
Saeed Al Maktoum, President, Dubai Civil Aviation Authority; Chairman, Dubai
Airports; Chairman and Chief Executive, Emirates Airline And Group, taking
government leaders and senior industry stakeholders through the static aircraft
display and main exhibition. The industry mega-event gathered key players from
across aerospace, space and defence for the 18th edition - more than 1,400
exhibitors from over 95 countries and more than 190 aircraft on static display.
During exhibition a significant amount of orders and deals were announced,
including a multi-billion dollars commercial order from Emirates, backed by air
travel demand returning strongly to reach pre-pandemic levels. With an increased
focus on Space at this edition of Dubai Airshow, the UAE Space Agency led the
largest space pavilion in the exhibition’s history to date, reflecting its
commitment to enhancing and consolidating the UAE’s position in this vital
sector. Here, Sultan Al Neyadi and Hazza Al Mansouri, the first two astronauts
from the United Arab Emirates were presented at the Mohammed Bin Rashid Space
Centre stand, showcasing the pioneering UAE space missions.
Timothy Hawes, Managing Director of Tarsus Middle East, said: “Dubai Airshow
2023 was a true testament to the continued growth we have seen across the
industry and served as the perfect platform to showcase the next-generation
features and innovative technologies that will ensure an efficient and
sustainable future. Industry players from across the world continued to gather
in Dubai and collaborated to define the future for aerospace.”
JSC ROSOBORONEXPORT (part of Rostec State Corporation) was organizing an exhibit
of the latest Russian-made Air Force, Air Defenñe and electronic warfare
equipment at the Dubai Airshow 2023 International Aerospace Exhibition. As part
of the exhibit, located in a single Russian pavilion with a total area of over
750 square meters, Russia’s 13 largest defence manufacturers showcased 250+
models of modern weapons and military equipment.
‘The Dubai Airshow has steadily ranked among the top five largest and most
important international aerospace exhibitions. For JSC ROSOBORONEXPORT, it is
one of the main foreign platforms to promote Russian aircraft and air defence
equipment, primarily in the Middle East and North Africa, whose share in the
company's order book reaches 50%. Here we have to compete with the global
leading arms manufacturers,"- said Alexander Mikheev, Director General of JSC
ROSOBORONEXPORT before exhibition. "Dubai Airshow is a venue to unveil new
products. In 2023, for the first time we will present here the IL-76MD-90A(E)
military transport aircraft, the latest air weapons for the fifth-generation
fighters, including the RVV-MD2 and RVV-BD air-to-air guided missiles, the Kh-69
cruise missile, as well as the world's best Ka-52 attack helicopter with a line
of air weapons, which has proven effective in countering modern armored vehicles
in real combat conditions."
The IL-76MD-90A(E) military transport aircraft, which was located in an outdoor
static display area, is multifunctional and has been successfully used for a
wide range of missions, including for special and airdrop operations. It can
carry up to 60 tons of cargo to a distance of up to 4,000 km, and 20 tons – to
8,500 km. The aircraft is equipped with a multi-channel electro-optical sighting
system to determine an airdrop area, and control personnel, and cargo airdrops,
as well as the President-S defensive aids system. Along with the IL-76MD-90A(E),
JSC ROSOBORONEXPORT showcased various airdrop systems, including the
Junker-DG-250 automated cargo delivery system for the first time in the Middle
East.
During demo flights, the Ka-52 scout/attack helicopter, recognized by
international experts as the best helicopter in its market segment, showed
visitors the elements of piloting available only for a coaxial helicopter: flat
turn towards the target, lateral movements at high speeds and deep sideslip with
a negative pitch angle.
The Russian Aerospace Forces’ Russian Knights aerobatics demonstration team,
which arrived at the Dubai Airshow at the invitation of the UAE Ministry of
Defence, performed aerobatics on Russian Su-30SM and Su-35S fighters during demo
flights.
In the unmanned aerial vehicles segment, JSC ROSOBORONEXPORT presented the
Orlan-30 unmanned aerial system in the outdoor static display area, and the
Orion-E reconnaissance/attack UAV and KUB-E loitering munition in the pavilion.
In the pavilion, visitors of JSC ROSOBORONEXPOR 's stand could see the Su-57E
fifth-generation fighter, IL-78MK-90A tanker aircraft, Su-35 multirole
super-maneuverable fighter, Mi-28NE attack helicopter and the Mi-171Sh military
transport helicopter.
In the air defence segment, ROSOBORONEXPORT was exhibiting a wide range of air
defence and electronic warfare systems. They can be used both independently and
as part of a layered air defence system. The Russian exhibit included the S-400
Triumf and S-350E Vityaz air defence missile systems, the Viking surface-to-air
missile (SAM) system and various versions of the Tor SAM system produced by the
Almaz-Antey Air and Space Defence Corporation. A line of air defence equipment
from the High Precision Systems holding company, incorporated into Rostec State
Corporation, was represented by the Pantsir-S1M self-propelled anti-aircraft
gun/missile (SPAAGM) system, Igla-S and Verba man-portable air defence missile
systems.
Visitors of the Russian pavilion could get acquainted with Russian counter-UAV
assets, including the RB-504P-E, Repellent-Patrol, Argument-2 and Argument-3
systems, as well as the Pole-21E and R-330Zh electronic warfare systems for
countering precision guided munitions. A Russian automated system used against
small UAVs was also presented to the visitors.
As part of the Dubai Airshow 2023, ROSOBORONEXPORT presented a new export
product developed by the company's specialists in cooperation with relevant
experts of the Russian Aerospace Forces – an integrated survival and self-defence
system for aircrews of aircraft and helicopters who have ejected or found
themselves on the ground after an emergency landing. A key element of the new
system is a 5.56mm Kalashnikov AK-19 shortened assault rifle, presented abroad
for the first time.
‘The survival of helicopter and fixed-wing aircrews in emergencies before the
arrival of search-and-rescue units largely depends on the level of equipping
them with the necessary life-support and self-defense items. Rosoboronexport has
studied the real experience of recent military conflicts and chosen the most
optimal set of equipment and gear enabling the crews to survive and maintain
combat capability in the most extreme conditions. At Dubai Airshow 2023, we are
unveiling this unique product consisting of entirely Russian-made components
that have been tested in combat conditions,’ said Alexander Mikheev.
The aircrew survival and self-defense system, offered by Rosoboronexport for
foreign markets, is thematically divided into 4 clusters: functional personal
items, individual protection and survival equipment, communications and
surveillance equipment, as well as self-defense weapons.
The first cluster includes combat trousers, shirt and shoes. The proposed
configurations for all climatic and weather conditions are designed for a
temperature range from +50 to -50 °C. In addition, the personal items cluster
also includes a tactical pouch for a survival kit and a webgear with ammunition,
life support, first aid kit pouches and a holster for a Lebedev compact pistol.
Individual protection and survival equipment includes a plate carrier and two
types of armor plates for it, ceramic and UHMWPE, as well as a ZSh-7 upgraded
protective helmet. A survival kit, tailored taking into account the experience
of pilots' survival in real combat conditions, is offered in the same cluster.
It contains a first aid kit, dry ration, a hook with a fishing line, a knife and
other equipment.
For communications and surveillance purposes, the system includes an R-187 Azart
software-defined radio with a headset, PN-21K night vision monocular,
GEO-ONV1-01M night vision goggles for piloting helicopters.
In the self-defense equipment cluster, Rosoboronexport, on advice from Russian
Aerospace Forces specialists, proposes to equip the aircrews with a 5.56mm
Kalashnikov AK-19 shortened assault rifle, presented abroad for the first time,
or a 9mm Kalashnikov PPK-20 submachine gun with a PKU-2 collimator sight, as
well as a 9mm Lebedev PLK compact pistol.
In addition to arranging the exhibit in the pavilion and the outdoor static
display area, ROSOBORONEXPORT showed reviews of the main Russian exhibit items,
a preview of the air show and its most interesting moments on its digital
platforms – on the company's official website, it’s Youtube, VK and Telegram
channels.
"In addition to showcasing new Russian weapons at Dubai Airshow 2023, JSC
ROSOBORONEXPORT will hold a rich business program. We are planning to meet with
our partners from the Gulf countries and discuss military-technical cooperation
between our countries. We will focus on technology partnership projects, which
is the most popular format of cooperation in the Middle East today,"- Alexander
Mikheev added. "In addition, during the airshow we will continue to develop
contacts with African countries on the points of interaction found jointly
during this year's Russia-Africa Summit in St. Petersburg".
JSC ROSOBORONEXPORT also presented in Dubai a new product - Russian automated
system for countermeasures against small-sized remotely piloted vehicles (RPV).
‘Latest military conflicts showed a tremendous role of the remotely piloted
vehicles of all classes in reconnaissance, surveillance of the situation and
destruction of manpower, materiel, installations. On the tactical level,
small-sized vehicles are mainly used on a massive scale. These are cheap, but
capable of inflicting serious damage,’ - said Alexander Mikheev before Airshow.
‘JSC ROSOBORONEXPORT will unveil in Dubai an advanced system with a high degree
of automation; a product able to detect, neutralize or destroy popular modern
small-sized FPV-drones, quadcopters, unmanned aerial vehicles of the aircraft
type. Its characteristics and high effectiveness were confirmed under the
battlefield conditions.’
The new export product is designed for outfitting specialized units in order to
counter RPVs. The eyes of the system are a portable small-sized radar 1L122-1E
made by KRET (Concern Radio-Electronic Technologies, part of Rostec State
Corporation), which makes it possible to detect a RPV at a range sufficient for
its interception or destruction.
The radar transmits air situation data via a radio channel to the portable
automated control module from the set of the automated control technical aids.
It was developed by the Ruselectronics holding company incorporated into Rostec
State Corporation. The automated control module may be located at a range up to
5 km from the radar. It is actually a small tablet the commander of the
anti-drone unit is equipped with. Data on the RPVs designated for destruction or
electronic effect (target designation) is transmitted to the anti-aircraft
gunners of the "Verba" man-portable air defence system made by the High
Precision Systems holding company included into Rostec State Corporation or to
the operators of the anti-drone rifles fitted with an individual automation
package.
The operator’s individual automation package includes special goggles with
visualization capability, a headset and communications means. This set provides
automation of guidance at an air target. It is used for visualization and
transmission of the voice commands to the anti-aircraft gunner, electromagnetic
rifle operator, sniper or to a shooter armed with other weapons (if needed). An
electronic effect on the RPV’s communication and navigation channels or its
physical destruction constitute the final stage of the process.
At the Dubai Airshow 2023, JSC ROSOBORONEXPORT also presented the ‘Argument-2’
anti-drone rifle as an electronic warfare (EW) asset. At the Customer’s request,
it can be replaced with any other portable anti-drone system.
Almaz - Antey Air and Space Defence Corporation, JSC presented at Dubai Airshow
2023 models of S-350E Vityaz medium-range air defence missile system, Viking
medium-range and Tor-E2, Tor-M2K, Tor-M2KM short-range air defence missile
systems, as well as the Typhoon-PVO(E) anti-aircraft manpad gunner's combat
vehicle. In the airspace control area Almaz – Antey showed models of Kasta-2E2,
Podlet-K1KE and Gamma-S1TE radar stations. In addition, the Corporation's stand
demonstrated an airborne missile-type target (MB-R) from the Adjutant universal
target-and-training system.
The ADM system S-350E Vityaz has a destruction range of up to 120 kilometers and
is designed for the defence of administrative, industrial and military
facilities against massive strikes by modern and advanced air assault weapons.
The system is capable of repelling air attacks simultaneously from any
direction. The ADM system S-350E includes a Command and Control Center, up to
two Multifunctional Radars, up to 8 launch or Launch-Loading Vehicles, each of
which carries up to 12 anti-aircraft guided missiles. The ADM system S-350E is
operated by a three-man crew. The advantage of this system over other air
defence systems is the absence of a crew during combat operation in the
Multifunctional Radar, Command and Control Center and Launch-Loading vehicles.
The increased survivability of the system is ensured by the spread of combat
assets over a sufficiently large distance, as well as the ability to maneuver
and change position in a short time. S-350E has the ability to operate both
autonomously and under the control of higher command centres. Interaction with
information and combat assets of other systems is possible.
The all-weather, multi-channel, highly mobile Viking ADM system is designed for
the defence of troops and facilities. It is capable of destroying modern and
advanced tactical and strategic aircraft, including those using Stealth
technology, tactical ballistic and cruise missiles, helicopters, reconnaissance
and strike systems and UAVs, radio-contrast ground and surface targets. The
system’s combat assets include a Command and Control Center, a Three-Coordinate
Target Detection Station, up to six Self-Propelled Guns or Illumination and
Guidance Radars in any combination, attached launchers and anti-aircraft guided
missiles. Viking can be coupled with the automated air defence control systems
possessed by the customer. At the same time, the Command and Control Centers can
provide direct interaction with short-range SAM combat vehicles, radars and
battery command posts, allowing to organize an echeloned air defence. Command
post elements are built into the Self-Propelled Gun and Illumination and
Guidance Radar, which makes it possible to organize operational mobile air
defence groups without a Command and Control Center. The system can effectively
perform tasks in conditions of electronic and fire countermeasures, and its
combat vehicles can be manufactured on both caterpillar and wheeled chassis of
high cross-country capability. All of the system's combat vehicles can be
remotely controlled from remote workstations.
The Typhoon-PVO(E) anti-aircraft manpad gunner’s combat vehicle based on the
KAMAZ-4386 armoured vehicle is designed to provide direct cover for units in all
types of combat, including on the march, against air assault weapons.
Typhoon-PVO(E) is equipped with the Akveduk family radio station, Azimut
navigation equipment, and a station with a sighting system for the Kord type
machine gun. The combat vehicle provides transport for five men: a squad leader,
two anti-aircraft gunners, a machine gunner, and a driver-electrician.
The radars presented by the Corporation at the exhibition are successfully used
for detection, coordinates measurement, tracking, identification of air objects
and promising means of air attack, including those based on Stealth technology,
under the influence of intensive active, passive and combined interference, as
well as fire suppression.
The Adjutant universal target and training complex is designed to train
anti-aircraft systems by creating a complex airborne target environment and is
distinguished by the possibility of multiple use of targets simulating the main
modern means of air attack.
Vyacheslav Dzirkaln, Deputy CEO of Almaz – Antey Corp. for Foreign Economic
Activities, said on the eve of the event, ‘our participation in the Dubai
Airshow provides an opportunity to familiarize numerous foreign guests of the
exhibition with modern Russian air defence equipment and other exclusive defence
products of the Corporation.’ He emphasised that ‘our products today
successfully protect the sovereignty and security of many purchasing countries.’
‘During the Dubai Airshow-2023, the Corporation's representatives will inform
potential partners about the Corporation's capabilities in the field of
development, manufacturing and service maintenance of manufactured products, as
well as extension of their service life, modernization and utilisation,’
Vyacheslav Dzirkaln said. According to him, video materials and media
presentations on technical capabilities of manufactured products were
demonstrated at the Corporation's stand, specialists of the Corporation held a
number of business meetings and negotiations. ‘The Corporation's stable
functioning is based on the powerful scientific, technical and production
potential of its member enterprises,’ concluded Vyacheslav Dzirkaln.
The Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant Kupol (part of the Almaz - Antey Air and
Space Defence Corporation) presented famous ADM system Tor-M2KM at Dubai Airshow
2023. Kupol is one of the leading enterprises of the Russian military-industrial
complex, the leading designer and manufacturer of the Tor system of air defence
missile systems. The plant also manufactures airborne equipment for
surface-to-air missiles, provides maintenance services to operating
organizations, and repairs and upgrades previously delivered ADM system.
ADM system produced by the Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant Kupol is in service
with the Russian Army and coastal units of the Navy, as well as with the armies
of two dozen countries on three continents. The Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant
Kupol continuously searches for ways to further improve the effectiveness of its
air defence systems, which allows them to successfully counter modern and
advanced air attack weapons.
Abandoning the chassis allowed to significantly reduce both the cost and weight
of the product. The weight of the module is more than half of the basic
caterpillar version and is only 15 tons. According to one of the mandatory
regulations, the same weight of snow a flat roof of a 100 m2 house should be
able to withstand in areas with average snow load.
That is, Tor-M2KM can be placed on the flat roof of any house built in
accordance with the rules and regulations (perhaps - the simplest system of
weight distribution is required, and of course - regular snow removal is
necessary). The Tor-M2KM can be lifted to the roof by a Mi-26 helicopter or by a
loading crane of appropriate lifting capacity. Wired communication between the
combat modules and with the battery command post (it is located on the ground)
can be provided by means of conventional masts and towers, including those built
on the roofs of neighboring houses. Thus, there are no serious difficulties in
implementing the old idea of flaktrums on a new technical level.
Such characteristics of the ADM system Tor-M2KM autonomous combat module as low
deployment time (3 minutes - a world record), which makes it possible to repel a
surprise air raid, high speed of airspace surveillance (1 antenna rotation per
second - the world's best record), which makes it possible to react quickly to
the changing situation, low reaction time from target detection to SAM launch -
5-10 seconds, which is especially important when working against low-flying
targets, which are detected later than low-flying air assault weapons, are also
fully compliant with the tasks of providing air defence of strategic facilities
and infrastructures.
Due to its peculiarities, the ADM system Tor-M2KM has a significantly expanded
area of application. It can be installed on a railway platform or a ship deck,
which will provide reliable air defence cover for the transport of valuable
cargos. The ability of the new and latest ADM system of Tor family to operate at
sea and from the shoreline against targets flying over the sea has been proven
in practice. This has been achieved thanks to the introduction of new algorithms
for the combat operation of the computer system, which allow levelling the
impact of wave rolling.
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Vyacheslav Dzirkaln
Head of the delegation of the Almaz - Antey Air and Space
Defence Corporation, JSC at the Dubai Airshow 2023:
‘In the joint exposition at DubaiAirshow-2023, the Almaz -
Antey Air and Space Defence Corporation, JSC presented a wide range of its air
defense systems and other products. In particular, we presented models of the
S-350E ‘Vityaz’ medium-range air defense system, the ‘Viking’ medium-range air
defense system, the ‘Tor-E2’, ‘Tor-M2K’, ‘Tor-M2KM’ short-range air defense
systems, and the combat vehicle of anti-aircraft gunners ‘Typhoon-Air Defense
(E)’. In the airspace control zone, the visitors to the exhibition could see the
models of the ‘Kasta-2E2’, ‘Podlet-K1KE’ and ‘Gamma-S1TE’ radar stations. Also
at the Corporation’s stand the aerial missile-type target from the ‘Adjutant’
universal target training system was presented.
In addition, we told potential partners about the capabilities of the Almaz -
Antey Air and Space Defence Corporation as one of the world's leading developers
and creators of air defense systems. The particular interest on the part of
delegations from many states that visited our stand was shown in the issues of
service maintenance, extension of service life and modernization of products
manufactured by enterprises of our Corporation.
I would like to note that since all states are faced with the task of increasing
reliability in ensuring airspace safety, attention to the products we create is
objectively growing. This is particularly because our systems are mobile,
reliable and highly efficient. In addition, we offer a very wide range: we have
models of different ranges, with the ability to be installed on various
platforms, etc. In other words, we can create the most effective protection to
deal with almost any challenge.’
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Pravin Patkhak
Director for Advertising, Marketing and Export of the
Information Technology Department of the ‘BrahMos Aerospace’ Russian-Indian
company:
‘The Dubai Airshow exhibition is an important platform for
us, since the representatives of a very wide range of states come over to Dubai
for this exhibition - not only from the Central Asia, but also from other
regions. And since we are quite actively promoting our products on the foreign
market, it is important for us to maintain a dialogue with all potential
partners.
Of course, the Gulf states, as well as the UAE itself, are a very interesting
region for us, including from the point of view of supplies of BRAHMOS missiles.
It is no secret that there is great interest in our missiles in this region.
At Dubai Airshow 2023, we presented both already well-known models and new
developments under the BRAHMOS brand - unique missiles with improved
characteristics and increased tactical and technical data. In its class, BRAHMOS
is by far the best product in the world, and we are constantly engaged in all
kinds of improvements and improvements. And this is a serious guarantee that our
products will continue to develop at a faster pace.’
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Alexander Kazakov
Head of division of the All-Russian Research Institute of
Radio Engineering", JSC:
‘Our company took part in the aerospace exhibition in
Dubai for the first time. At the Dubai Airshow 2023, we presented a number of
all-round mobile radar stations that we are creating with high performance in
detecting UAVs and low-altitude air attack weapons, made, among other things,
using stealth technology. Among the most popular models are the newest
‘Podlet-K1KE’ station, as well as the ‘Kast-VME’ station and the ‘Gamma-S1TE’
radar. Among the most striking main characteristics of these stations is the
target detection range. For example, the ‘Podlet-K1KE’ has a detection range of
more than 300 km, an altitude of more than 20 km, the station has a very high
accuracy in detecting drones of various classes in completely different
conditions and landscapes.
The undeniable advantage of our stations is mobility. For example, the
deployment time is only 20 minutes, which is extremely important, especially in
a combat situation. Another important distinguishing feature of the station is
the ability to connect up to three fully functional remote operator
workstations. The ‘Podlet-K1KE’ was successfully tested in various conditions,
including in combat conditions and abroad, where it showed itself at a very high
level.
We also note that the ‘Podlet-K1KE’ has been adopted and is effectively used by
the Russian forces. We offer foreign customers an export option. There is
considerable interest in it, especially since the station can operate in various
landscapes and in a very wide temperature range, from minus 40 to plus 40-50
degrees Celsius.’
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Alan Lushnikov
President of Kalashnikov Concern, JSC:
"Due to the dynamically developing military-technical
cooperation with the Gulf states in various fields, we consider the Dubai
Airshow 2023 primarily as a platform for holding working the meetings and
discussing numerous issues and details related to both previously launched and
promising projects.
In its exposition at the Dubai Airshow-2023, the corporation presented the
samples of products from various areas of activity of the corporation’s
enterprises: 7.62 mm Chukavina microwave sniper rifle, 5.56 mm Kalashnikov AK-19
assault rifle (short-barreled version), 9 mm Lebedev compact PLC pistol, 9 mm
submachine gun Kalashnikov PPK-20, KUB-E guided ammunition system, All weather
Set of Field Uniforms and modular unloading systems.’
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Vyacheslav Kartashov
Assistant to the Director General of the Izhevsk
Electromechanical Plant Kupol, JSC:
‘We presented with great success at the Dubai Airshow-2023
a wide range of products from the Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant Kupol,
including the ‘Tor-E2’ combat vehicle, the Tor-M2KM" autonomous combat module of
the air defense system on a vehicle chassis, the combat vehicle of the
anti-aircraft gunner squad ‘Typhoon-Air Defence (E)’, the target training system
‘Adjutant’ designed for training crews of almost any air defense systems, and
other products.
Since the Dubai Airshow is, first and foremost, an air show, attention at this
salon is focused both on the aircraft itself and on the equipment that provides
reliable protection against air attacks. Interest in air defense systems in Arab
states is traditionally very high, which is why at the last salon we had a lot
of visits from flight officers, senior managers of air defense systems, etc.
Such exhibitions are also of great importance because they provide an
opportunity to get acquainted with samples of new air attack weapons, which our
primary task is to be guaranteed to counter. New means of attack are being
created, we are studying them and, naturally, improving our systems so that they
can successfully fight them.
The Dubai Airshow in this context is one of the most intense exhibition venues
in the world. This exhibition also confirmed that in many respects the products
of the Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant Kupol (a part of the Almaz - Antey Air
and Space Defence Corporation, JSC) continue to maintain their leading positions
in the world. And our developments often simply have no analogues.’
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